Vision

The Biology of the Cornea: The Clear Shield

Why is the front of your eye transparent? Discover the biology of the Cornea and the extreme architectural precision required to create living glass.

The Biology of the Giant Squid: The Deep Sea Eye

Discover why the Giant Squid has the largest eye in the animal kingdom. Explore the physics of underwater light and the evolution of the deep-sea pupil.

The Biology of the Pupillary Light Reflex: The Neural Loop

Discover the high-speed neurobiology that controls the aperture of your eyes. Explore the Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) and why it's a window into brain health.

The Biology of the Retina: The Inverted Wiring

Why is the human eye wired backward? Discover the bizarre evolutionary architecture of the Retina and the massive energy demands of the photoreceptors.

The Biology of Saccades: High-Speed Eye Movements

Why doesn't the world blur when you move your eyes? Discover Saccades and the neurological 'Edit' that makes you temporarily blind three times a second.

The Biology of the SNr: The Final Brake

Discover the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata (SNr)—the brain's most powerful inhibitory center that manages the 'Gating' of your eyes and focus.

The Biology of the Tapetum Lucidum: Night Vision

Why do a cat's eyes glow in the dark? Discover the Tapetum Lucidum, the biological mirror that grants nocturnal animals incredible night vision.

The Science of the Barreleye Fish: The Transparent Head

Discover the deep-sea fish with a see-through skull. Explore the Barreleye Fish and the optical physics of its upward-gazing, tubular eyes.

The Science of Color Blindness: Opsin Mutations

Why are more men colorblind than women? Discover the genetics of the X-chromosome and how subtle mutations in Opsin proteins change how we see the world.

The Science of the EWN: The Pupillary Commander

Meet the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus (EWN)—the cluster of neurons in the midbrain that dictates your pupil's aperture and your lens's focus.

The Science of the Lens: Crystallin Proteins

Why do we get cataracts as we age? Discover the biological Lens, the Crystallin proteins that focus light, and why they can never be replaced.

The Science of the Optic Nerve: The Blind Spot

Why do you have a hole in your vision? Discover the Optic Disc, the massive cable that connects the eye to the brain, and how the brain 'Photoshops' reality.